While we never hear of 'Sami-speaking Norwegians', 'Hebrew-speaking Palestinians' etc., one often stumbles on the term 'Swedish-speaking Finns' to denote a certain group of ethnic Swedes. This is a way of denying the group their ethnic identity. Admittedly, something similar is practised in Turkey, where the Kurds are called 'Mountain Turks' in official quarters"[19] ^ "To define a person as Swedish-speaking says nothing about whether he or she has Finland-Swedish identity". "McRae distinguishes a gap in Finland between the formal 'linguistic peace' and the practical 'linguistic instability' which put the Finland-Swedes in a 'sociological, psychological and political' minority position.
[citation needed] Although in some municipalities Swedish is the only official language, Finnish is the dominant language in most towns and at most employers in Finland. In areas with a Finnish-speaking majority, Finnish is most often used when interacting with strangers and known Finnish speakers. However, 50% of all Swedish speakers live in areas in which Swedish is the majority language and in which they can use Swedish in all or most contexts (see demographics below). Demographics[edit] Of the Swedish-speaking population of Finland, [citation needed] 44% live in officially bilingual towns and municipalities where Finnish dominates, 41% live in officially bilingual towns and municipalities where Swedish dominates, 9% live in Åland, of whose population about 90% was Swedish-speaking in 2010, [56] 6% live in officially monolingual Finnish-speaking towns and municipalities.
Swedish-speaking population of Finland - WikipediaNot to be confused with Sweden Finns, a minority in Sweden. Swedish-speaking population of Finland finlandssvenskar suomenruotsalaiset Flag of the Swedish-speaking FinnsTotal population380, 000[1]Regions with significant populations Finland287, 933 (2021)[2] Sweden60, 000–107, 000[3][4]LanguagesFinland Swedish, FinnishReligionLutheranismRelated ethnic groupsSwedes, Estonian Swedes Officially monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities Bilingual municipalities with Finnish as the majority language Bilingual municipalities with Swedish as the majority language Monolingual Swedish-speaking municipalities (Åland) Sami bilingual municipalities More than 17, 000 Swedish-speaking Finns live in officially monolingual Finnish municipalities, and are thus not represented on the map.
Their views were opposed mainly by Heikki Ojansuu [fi; sv] in the 1920s. [24][25] In 1966, the historian Hämäläinen (as referenced by McRae 1993) addressed the strong correlation between the scholar's mother-tongue and the views on the Scandinavian settlement history of Finland. "Whereas Finnish-speaking scholars tended to deny or minimize the presence of Swedish-speakers before the historically documented Swedish expeditions starting from the 12th century, Swedish-speaking scholars have found archeological and philological evidence for a continuous and Swedish or Germanic presence in Finland from pre-historic times. "[26][Note 12] Since the late 20th century, several Swedish-speaking philologists, archaeologists and historians from Finland have criticized the theories of Germanic/Scandinavian continuity in Finland.
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According to a sociological study published in 1981, the Swedish-speaking Finns meet the four major criteria for a separate ethnic group: self-identification of ethnicity, language, social structure, and ancestry. [Note 25] However, not all Swedish-speaking Finns are willing to self-identify as representatives of a distinct ethnicity. The major political organisation representing the Swedish-speakers in Finland, the Swedish People's Party, has defined the Swedish-speaking Finns as a people who express Finnish identity in the Swedish language.
[citation needed] Historical predominance of the Swedish language among the gentry[edit] Finnish 17th century nobleman Gustaf Horn Finnish 17th century clergyman Johannes Gezelius the elder Areas of modern-day Finland were integrated into the Swedish realm in the 13th century, at a time when that realm was still in the process of being formed. At the time of the Late Middle Ages, Latin was still the language of instruction from the secondary school upwards and in use among the educated class and priests. As Finland was part of Sweden proper for 550 years, Swedish was the language of the nobility, administration and education.
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[28][29][30][31][32][33] Current research has established that the Swedish-speaking population and Swedish place names in Finland date to the Swedish colonisation of Nyland and Ostrobothnia coastal regions of Finland in the 12th and 13th centuries. [34][24][25] Nationalism and language strife[edit] The proportion of Swedish speakers in Finland has declined since the 18th century, when almost 20% spoke Swedish (these 18th-century statistics excluded Karelia and Kexholm County, which were ceded to Russia in 1743, and the northern parts of present-day Finland were counted as part of Norrland).
As tightly-knit peasant communities tend to assimilate potential newcomers very quickly, this has meant that most marriages within the Swedish-speaking peasantry during this period were contracted with members of the same language group. During the time of early immigration by Swedes to the coastal regions (approximately between 1150 and 1350), the situation was different and according to a study from the 1970s (as referenced by Tarkiainen, 2008) the intermarriage rate between local Finns and Swedish newcomers was considerable. According to Tarkiainen, in the areas of initial Swedish immigration, the local Finns were assimilated into the Swedish-speaking population.
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